21/10/2026
Knowing How to Drive Isn’t the Same as Knowing When 🚗🧠
Imagine two drivers approaching the same roundabout.
Both are experienced, understand the rules and have the skills to negotiate it safely. One approaches calmly, adjusts their speed and waits for a suitable opportunity. The other is running late, feeling frustrated and increasingly impatient. They approach a little faster, accept a smaller gap and take a chance they probably wouldn’t normally take.
Same road. Similar driving ability. Very different decisions.
It’s an interesting thought, because knowing how to do something safely doesn’t necessarily mean we’ll always choose to do it safely.
We’ve recently explored LOOK, TELL, DO and the System of Car Control, IPSGA. Both offer useful ways of gathering information, anticipating hazards and managing situations. But there’s another question worth considering. What influences the decisions we make in the first place?
This is where the Goals for Driver Education (GDE) Matrix becomes particularly interesting.
Developed through European driver education research, including the GADGET project, the GDE Matrix encourages us to look beyond the physical skills involved in driving. It considers vehicle control, how we manage traffic situations, the purpose and circumstances of our journeys, and the wider personal influences that shape our behaviour.
These four levels are connected. Our attitudes, motivations, emotions and the choices we make before setting off can all influence what happens when we’re behind the wheel.
Think again about the driver who’s running late. They haven’t suddenly forgotten how to negotiate a roundabout. Their steering ability hasn’t disappeared, and they still understand the rules. But the pressure of the journey is influencing how they’re using those skills.
Perhaps they left home later than planned, are worried about disappointing somebody or feel under pressure to arrive on time. Whatever the reason, their circumstances begin to influence the level of risk they’re prepared to accept.
Sometimes the most important driving decision happens before we even start the engine.
Another particularly useful aspect of the GDE Matrix is its emphasis on self-evaluation. It’s one thing to understand that tiredness, frustration, social pressure or overconfidence can affect driving. It’s quite another to recognise those influences in ourselves.
Most of us would agree that tailgating is dangerous, but how do we respond when we’re frustrated by someone travelling more slowly than we’d like? We understand the importance of maintaining safe following distances, but what happens when another driver moves into the space we’ve created? And while we know rushing can increase risk, are we genuinely prepared to accept being late rather than trying to recover time on the road?
These aren’t simply questions about driving technique. They’re questions about judgement, awareness and responsibility, and they’re just as relevant to experienced drivers as they are to learners.
The European HERMES project explored how coaching and communication could help develop greater self-awareness and responsibility within driver education. One of the ideas I take from this is the importance of creating opportunities for learners to explore their own thinking, rather than always providing the answers ourselves.
That doesn’t mean abandoning clear instruction, demonstrations or appropriate support. Those remain essential. But alongside developing practical skills, we can encourage learners to consider what influenced their decisions, whether they felt under pressure and how they might approach a similar situation differently.
Sometimes a simple question after a challenging experience can open up a valuable conversation. We might even discover that the learner’s decision was influenced by something we hadn’t considered.
And we don’t need to turn every driving lesson into a psychology session. Often it’s about recognising the right moment to explore something that has naturally arisen during the drive.
For me, this is one of the most important messages within the GDE framework. Developing safe drivers involves more than improving their ability to control a vehicle or negotiate traffic. It also involves helping them understand themselves, recognise their limitations and appreciate how their circumstances can influence their behaviour.
At UP Driver Training, that’s an important part of what we’re trying to achieve. We want people to develop the skills, confidence and judgement to make responsible decisions, not simply demonstrate that they can perform a particular task.
Because the real challenge of driving isn’t always knowing what to do. Sometimes it’s recognising when our emotions, motivations or circumstances are pulling us away from what we already know.
A capable driver knows how to drive safely. A responsible driver also recognises what might stop them doing so.
And perhaps that’s something we could all benefit from reflecting on, however long we’ve been driving.